1845: Congress decided all national elections would be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

1849: English-born Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in America to receive a medical degree, from the Medical Institution of Geneva, N.Y.

1964: The 24th amendment to the Constitution, eliminating the poll tax in federal elections, was ratified.

1973: President Nixon announced an accord had been reached to end the Vietnam War.

1991: After some 12,000 sorties in the Gulf War, Gen. Colin Powell, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said allied forces had achieved air superiority.

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