1856: The American Party, also known as the "Known-Nothing Party," convenes in Philadelphia to nominate its first presidential candidate.

1983: The first US labor newspaper, "The Man," is published in New York City.

1915: Germany begins a blockade of England.

1930 : Pluto, the ninth planet from the sun, is discovered at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona.

Deaths

1867: J. Robert Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb," dies in Princeton, New Jersey, at the age of 62.

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