1803 : The Supreme Court of the United States establishes the principle of judicial review in the case Marbury v. Madison.

1821: Mexico declares its independence from Spain.

1863: Arizona is organized as a US territory.

1868: The US House of Representatives impeached President Andrew Johnson after his attempt to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton; the Senate later acquitted Johnson.

1917: The U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom is given the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany pledges to ensure the return of New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico will declare war on the United States.

1983: A congressional commission released a report condemning the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II as a "grave injustice."

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